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This exceptional characteristic of ultrafast pulses enables nonlinear optical interaction with tissue at very low All round exposure, and drives programs for instance deep-tissue multiphoton microscopy and significant-precision eye surgical procedures

We present a dual-crystal Yb:KGW laserthat iscapable to work as being a Q-switched oscillator with output energy nearly 24 W and pulse duration of twenty ns,or as being a regenerative amplifier with output power around 21 W and pulse period underneath 200 fs following compression of chirped pulses. Both equally lasers have fantastic beam high-quality with beam parameter M2

Color-coded reflectivity of the Bragg mirror for a operate of wavelength and angle with the incident beam.

By substituting yttrium with ytterbium within the crystal lattice of Yb:KYW due to the identical measurements of these chemical elements as many as a hundred% of Yb-doping can be realized. This special attribute permits ytterbium to go ahead and take spot of yttrium with virtually no disruption into the crystal’s lattice.

Adhesion Examination Compliant with MIL-C-675C armed service standards, an adhesion check included implementing a tape that satisfies LT-90 specifications onto the lens film layer. The tape was affixed thoroughly and then removed vertically. This treatment was carried out 3 times, leading to no blistering or peeling.

FIG. 1. Optical layout of the laser with immediate pumping click here Along with the radiation of semiconductor injection lasers. LD is really an IPG Photonics laser diode with fiber output

Tungstates are likely to acquire higher Raman coefficients (�?Raman scattering). Hence, they're able to generate significant Raman achieve at reasonable optical intensities. It can be done to use the laser crystal itself being a Raman converter.

... at 50 percent-peak have been produced in a learn oscillator with selfsynchronization of the axial modes, described in our earlier post. 21 The new version with the laser, as opposed to that described within our previously write-up, utilized an Yb:KYW crystal by having an N pcut (optical axis N p on the index ellipsoid was parallel towards the propagation route of your laser radiation), with the polarization on the created radiation directed along the N m axis.

... Not merely the placement of crystal from the cavity and also the amplification axis of crystal impacts the laser Procedure significantly, as the absorption and emission cross sections on the crystal are quite diverse based on the orientation in the crystal.

The thermal conductivity of typical double tungstates is from the buy to three–four W/(K m) �?which isn't undesirable in comparison with other laser crystals (Though a number of times below for YAG), and quite huge in contrast Together with the thermal conductivity of normal glasses.

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The polarized absorption spectra of Tm3+-doped potassium yttrium tungstate (Tm:KY(WO4)2) crystal at home temperature had been calculated. The emission spectrum and lifetime with the three F four thrilled condition were established. Applying typical and modified Judd–Ofelt theories, the depth parameters plus the radiative lifetimes ended up calculated and superior agreement Together with the experimental success was obtained for the two theories.

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